|
Abstract:
|
This study aime to investigate the impact of smog hazard on tourism industry in the Upper Northern Province of Thailand including Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan and Phrae. The data that used in this study is monthly time series data from January 2013 - December 2015. The represent impact on tourism industry is the number of tourist and thus, divided into two equation: 1) Thai tourist equation 2) Foreign tourist equation. In addition PM10 is stand for impact of smog hazard while exchange rate, political violence and seasons are considered to be involved. The study found that Smog Hazard has impact over the number of tourists in Chiang Rai and Lampang while in Chiang mai and Phayao has no significantly impacted. Seasons, however, also have influence over the number of tourist in Lampang and Mea Hong Son as it decrease during summer. In the winter, the number of tourists in Chiang Mai, Lampang, Nan, Phrae and Phayao increase. On the other hand, the research found that Smog Hazard does not affect to the number of foreign tourists in Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son but exchange rate and political violence have impact over the number of foreign tourist in Phayao. In summer, there is a decrease in the number of foreign tourists in Chiang Mai and Lampang but increasing in the number of foreign tourist in Chiang Mai Lampang and Lamphun during in the winter.
Key word (5 คำ) : ARIMAX, smog hazard, tourism, the number of tourists, the upper northern of Thailand
|